botanicolor

the ethnobotanic
of fibres and dyes

by luminousgreen


Natural Fibers

Natural Dyes

a brief history
indigo blue
indigo extraction
indigo plants
indigo dyeing
dyeing yellow
yellow dyes
dyeing red
red roots
red insects
dyeing green
bark brown
dyeing black
soap and soda
alum, iron, dung

Sources - Quellen
bark brown

some of the natural colors, when properly produced, are as fast to light and washing as the best of the modern synthetic dyes.



brown dyes and tannins are found in many trees and plants. tannins are organic acid which can act as a bridge between the mordants, inorganic metal salts and the organic fibres. these are widely utilized in the curing of animal hides (tanning) and are an essential ingredient in preparing cotton cloths for dyeing.

visible tannins in oak bark

Catechu, a resin obtained from boiling chips of the wood of several tropical Acacia trees ( Acacia catechu, A. sundra, Uncaria gambir) contains up to 40% tannins was used much in Indian block printing and calico. the dye was also once produced in Java, Singapore, and Peru.

Acacia catechu

American Black Walnut and butternut (Juglans nigra, J. regia) contain a colorless dye, Juglone. extracted from the green nut hulls, this dye oxidizes to dark brown shades and can be very permanent, dyed with or without mineral fixation.

dried Walnuthulls

Allepo-Galls from Turkey

Quercus robur L., Quercus sp.
Fagaceae
common Oak

the common oak are much used in the tanning and dyeing industries even today. Oak trees can grow as tall as 35 meters and have thick, red-brown bark which is very rich in Tannins. the leaves and twigs can also be used for mordanting and colouring brown; ashes of oak wood is well suited to the production of ash-lye, an important chemical in the procese of natural dyeing.
Oak galls, also called "Oak apples", are growths on the oak branches caused by Gall wasps. Depending on the species and type of wasp, they lay their eggs under the bark, in the buds or on the leaves of the oak. this stimulates a type of allergic reaction by the tree, which produces a membranous clump very rich in tannic acid. oak apples and iron preparations are the primary ingredients in the original China Ink (later known as India ink) perhaps one of the most important inventions of mankind.

Gallwasp, Biorhizza pallida
(Photo from Bioimage,UK)